Oral alterations in children with microcephaly associated to congenital Zika syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analyses.

AIMS: To synthesize the oral alterations observed in children with microcephaly associated with congenital Zika virus syndrome (CZS), and to compare the oral alterations of these children to a normotypic healthy controls. METHODS AND RESULTS: A search was performed in six electronic databases. Observational studies published that reported oral alterations in children with CZS were selected. Two authors independently extracted data, assessed study quality, using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist tools, and the certainty of evidence, using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Twenty-one studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled crude occurrence showed 88% of increased salivation (95%CI: 82%-94%), 83% of biofilm (95%CI: 75%-91%), and 73% of bruxism (95%CI: 52%-95%). Compared to normotypic controls, children with CZS-associated microcephaly had a higher chance to have difficulty in lip sealing (OR: 18.28; 95%CI: 1.42-235.91), inadequate lingual posture at rest (OR: 13.57; 95%CI: 4.24-43.44), and delayed eruption (OR: 12.92; 95%CI: 3.42-48.78), with very low certainty. CONCLUSION: There are several oral alterations found among children with CZS-associated microcephaly. They are more prone to present some of these alterations, such as difficulty in lip sealing, although with very low certainty of evidence.

When adherence to CPAP fails, how do we treat workers with obstructive sleep apnea?

Aims: A cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a mandibular advancement device (MAD) with respect to respiratory and sleep parameters among miners with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and primary snore. Methods: The target sample was composed by 102 Brazilian miners with a history of non-adherence to continuous positive airway pressure. All patients were treated with a MAD and underwent pre and post-treatment full-night polysomnography. Ethical approval and consents were obtained. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were conducted. The level of statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: After the treatment with MAD, 71.8% of patients presented a decrease ≥ 50% in the basal apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), 51.2% presented an AHI < 5 events/h and 83.3% reached an AHI<10/h, whereas 22.5% did not show any changes and 7.5% of the sample presented an increase in the AHI (p<0.05). There was an increase in the mean SpO2 nadir (p<0.001) and in the baseline duration of the REM sleep stage (p<0.05). The MAD significantly decreased snore events (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis did not identify predictive factors related to therapy success (decrease ≥ 50% of AHI). However, basal AHI was a significant predictor related to the secondary endpoint (AHI<10/h) (OR= 1.06, IC 95%1.00-1.13, p=0.007). Conclusions: The MAD therapy showed significant improvements in AHI, minimum oxygen saturation, REM sleep and snoring.

The importance of full text screening when judging eligibility criteria in a systematic review: a systematic survey / A importância da avaliação do texto completo ao julgar os critérios de elegibilidade em uma revisão sistemática: uma revisão de métodos

Aim: To evaluate if statistically significant results are more likely to be reported in title/abstracts compared to non-significant outcomes. Methods: In this methodological survey, we reanalyzed 59 observational studies from a previous systematic review. The PECO question was: Patient (P): children with primary teeth; Exposure (E): low birth weight and/or preterm; Comparison (C): normal birth weight and/or full-term; Outcome (O): dental caries. We analyzed the presence of key terms in the titles and abstracts, such as gestational age, preterm, full-term, birth weight, low/normal birth weight. Full texts were analyzed for "positive outcomes" (statistically significant association, p < 0.05 or 95% CI not crossing the null effect line) related to the association between the outcome and the exposure; and "negative outcomes" (when the outcome had statistically similar occurrence between the exposure and the comparison group). The odds ratio (OR) was calculated between the presence of key terms in titles/abstracts and the type of outcome (positive or negative). Results: Of 59 studies, 66% cited the key terms in titles/abstracts, and 75% reported negative outcomes. Studies with positive outcomes were more likely to report key terms in the titles/abstracts compared to studies with negative outcomes (OR: 4.5; 95% CI: 0.9-22.4; Chi-square test: p = 0.06). Studies with statistically significant outcomes, favoring the exposure or the comparison, were more likely to report these data in the titles/abstracts. Conclusion: When conducting a systematic review, the final decision related to the inclusion of a study must be based on a full-text level.

Objetivo: Avaliar se os resultados estatisticamente significativos são mais prováveis de serem relatados nos títulos/resumos dos artigos do que os resultados não significativos. Métodos: Neste levantamento metodológico, foram reanalisados 59 estudos observacionais de uma revisão sistemática anterior. A questão PECO foi: Paciente (P): crianças com dentes decíduos; Exposição (E): baixo peso ao nascer e/ou pré-termo; Comparação (C): peso normal ao nascer e/ou a termo; Resultado (O): cárie dentária. Foi analisada a presença de termos-chave nos títulos/resumos, como idade gestacional, pré-termo, a termo, peso ao nascer, baixo/peso normal ao nascer. Textos completos foram analisados para "desfechos positivos" (associação estatisticamente significativa, p < 0,05 ou IC 95% não cruzando a linha de efeito nulo) relacionados à associação entre o desfecho e a exposição; e "desfechos negativos" (quando o desfecho teve ocorrência estatisticamente semelhante entre a exposição e o grupo de comparação). Foi calculada a odds ratio (OR) entre a presença de termos-chave nos títulos/resumos e o tipo de resultado (positivo ou negativo). Resultados: Dos 59 estudos, 66% citaram os termos-chave nos títulos/resumos e 75% relataram resultados negativos. Estudos com resultados positivos foram mais propensos a relatar os termos-chave nos títulos/resumos em comparação com estudos com resultados negativos (OR: 4,5; IC 95%: 0,9-22,4; teste do qui-quadrado: p = 0,06). Estudos com significância estatística os desfechos, favorecendo a exposição ou a comparação, foram mais propensos a relatar esses dados nos títulos/resumos. Conclusão: Ao realizar uma revisão sistemática, a decisão final quanto à inclusão de um estudo deve ser baseada por meio da análise do texto completo.

Erosive tooth wear knowledgein a Brazilian dental school: what haschanged after a decade? / Conhecimento sobre desgaste dentário erosivo em uma faculdade de Odontologia brasileira: o que mudou depois de uma década?

This study aimedto assess knowledge related to erosive tooth wear (ETW) among patients, students and facultymembersin a Brazilian dental school and compare it with data from a previous studyconducted ten years earlier in the same academic environment. Acontrolled cross-sectional study involving 289 participants was conducted at a dental school in Belo Horizonte, Southeastern Brazil. Knowledge ofETWwasevaluated through a self-administered questionnaire. Statistical analysis usedchi-square test;z-test adjusted by Bonferroni correction(p≤0.05). Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained.Among the 289 participants, 71.0% had heard about ETWwith a lower percentage among patients (p<0.001). Students and faculty members frequently mentioned eating disorders and acidic diet as the main etiological factors for ETW (p<0.001). However, patientsacknowledged bacteria (p=0.026) and poor oral hygiene (p=0.002) as etiological factors.Comparison between present findings and data from the previous studyshowed no significant increase in participants who had heard about the condition (p>0.499). There was also no improvement in knowledge of ETW among patients(p>0.227), andno significant difference when patients were asked whether they had received preventive recommendations by students (p=0.303).However, there was a significant improvement in all variables regarding students' diagnostic skills (p<0.005) and in the knowledgeof ETW signs and symptoms among faculty members (p=0.030).In conclusion, knowledge of ETW is still not fully incorporated by the sample. However, there was an improvement in students and faculty's diagnostic skillssince the last study conducted in 2010 (AU).

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o conhecimento relacionado ao desgaste dentário erosivo entre pacientes, alunos e docentes deuma faculdade de odontologia brasileira,e compará-lo com um estudo anterior, realizado dez anos antes, no mesmo ambiente acadêmico. Trata-se de um estudo transversal controlado,envolvendo 289 participantes,que foi realizado em uma faculdade de odontologia em Belo Horizonte, sudeste do Brasil. O conhecimento do desgaste erosivo foi avaliado por um questionário autoaplicável. A análise estatística utilizou o teste qui-quadrado e teste Z ajustado pela correção de Bonferroni (p<0,05). Aprovação ética e consentimento informado foram obtidos. Dentre os 289 participantes, 71,0% já ouviram falar sobre o desgaste dentário erosivo,com menor percentual entre os pacientes (p<0,001). Alunos e docentes frequentemente mencionaram transtornos alimentares e dieta ácida como os principais fatores etiológicos para o desgaste erosivo (p<0,001).No entanto, os pacientes relataram bactérias (p=0,026) e má higiene bucal (p=0,002) como fatores etiológicos. A comparação entre os resultados atuais e oestudo anterior não mostrou aumento significativo quantoaos participantes que tinham ouvido falar sobre a essa implicação dentária (p>0,499). Tambémnão houve melhora no conhecimento do desgaste erosivo entre os pacientes (p>0,227), e nenhuma diferença significativa quando elesforam questionados se haviam recebido recomendações preventivas dos alunos (p=0,303). No entanto, houve uma melhora significativa em todas as variáveis em relação às habilidades diagnósticas dos alunos (p<0,005) e no conhecimento dos sinais e sintomas do desgaste erosivo entre os docentes (p=0,030). Em conclusão, o conhecimento do desgaste dentário erosivo ainda não está totalmente incorporado pela amostra. No entanto, houve uma melhoria nas habilidades de diagnóstico dos alunos e docentesdesde o último estudo,realizado em 2010 (AU).

Acidic food choice among adolescents with bulimic symptomatology: a major risk factor for erosive tooth wear?

PURPOSE: Evaluate dietary habits and the presence of erosive tooth wear (ETW) among female adolescents with varying severity of bulimic symptomatology. METHODS: An explanatory study was conducted with 72 female school adolescents with bulimic symptomatology, aged 15-18 years in Southeastern Brazil. Dietary habits were evaluated through a food frequency questionnaire. Bulimic symptomatology was evaluated and classified (mild, moderate and severe) according to the Bulimic Investigatory Test of Edinburgh. ETW examinations were performed. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, Kruskal-Wallis/Mann-Whitney tests and Poisson regression. Ethical approval and informed consents were obtained. RESULTS: The final population consisted of 62 participants. The prevalence of ETW differed among adolescents with mild, moderate and severe bulimic symptomatology (p = 0.001), corresponding to 5.9%, 8.0% and 45.0%, respectively. Adolescents with severe bulimic symptomatology presented higher daily consumption of acidic food: citric fruits (p < 0.005), diet soda (p < 0.009) and ketchup (p = 0.004). No difference related to vomiting practices was observed between groups (p = 0.060). The adjusted regression model showed that a higher prevalence of ETW was associated with self-induced vomit at least once a week (PR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.00-5.86, p = 0.05) and higher frequencies of consumption of citric fruits (PR = 7.96, 95% CI = 1.50-42.11, p = 0.015) and diet soda (PR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.09-4.91, p = 0.029). CONCLUSION: It was the food choices (acidic food) and not purging practices that differed among adolescents with varying severity of bulimic symptomology. Likewise, higher consumption of citric fruits was the main factor associated with higher prevalence of ETW. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III case-control analytic study.

Revisões integrativas: conceitos, planejamento e execução / Integrative reviews: concepts, planning, and execution

Objetivo: Fornecer um guia no formato de checklist para auxiliar pesquisadores na condução de revisões integrativas em Odontologia. Métodos:O guiapara revisões integrativas em Odontologiafoi construído a partir do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (The PRISMA Statement). Resultados:Para o delineamento de revisões integrativas em Odontologia é preciso percorrer etapas distintas: 1. Identificação do tema (elaboração da pergunta de pesquisa); 2. Estabelecimento dos critérios de elegibilidade de estudos; 3. Busca sistematizada em diversas fontes de informação; 4. Coleta de dados; 5. Análise dos dados; 6. Discussão; 7. Apresentação da revisão/síntese do conhecimento. Os erros mais comuns ao realizar uma revisão integrativa estão relacionados à descrição incompleta ou não realização de etapas importantes, tais como: 1. Processo de seleção das evidências; 2. Estratégia de busca reprodutível; 3. Detalhes relacionados à busca, seleção e inclusão de estudos; 4. Aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade; 5. Processo de extração dos dados (definição clara dos dados a serem extraídos, número de revisores envolvidos); 6. Apresentação do processo de seleção de estudos no formato de fluxograma; 7. Avaliação da qualidade dos estudos; 8. Síntese dos resultados. Conclusão:O guia para revisões integrativas em Odontologia apresenta utilidade na redução de equívocos metodológicos frequentemente observados nesse desenho de estudo, bem como estimula a condução de trabalhos com delineamentos robustos.

Aim: To provide a checklist to assist researchers in conducting integrative reviews in Dentistry. Methods: This guideline for integrative reviews in Dentistry was designed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (The PRISMA Statement). Results: Planning integrative reviews in Dentistry involves different stages: 1. Identification of the theme (elaboration of the research question); 2. Establishment of eligibility criteria; 3. Systematized search in several databases and other data sources; 4. Data collection; 5. Data analysis; 6. Discussion; 7. Report on the review/summary of findings. The most common errors when conducting an integrative review are related to incomplete description or failure to perform important steps, such as: 1. Evidence synthesis; 2. A reproducible search strategy; 3. Details related to studies' search, screening, selection; 4. Clear state eligibility criteria; 5. Data extraction process (clear definition of the data to be extracted, number of reviewers involved); 6. Presentation studies' screening and selection process in a flowchart format; 7. Evaluation of the quality of the studies; 8. Summary of the findings. Conclusion:A guideline for integrative reviews in Dentistry intends to reduce methodological issues frequently observed in this study design, as well as to encourage researchers to conduct studies with a robust design.

Association between obesity and adipokines levels in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIM: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare adipokines' levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva between individuals with obesity and individuals without obesity. METHODS: Computerized searches were conducted in four electronic databases (PubMed, Medline via Ovid, Web of Science, and Scopus). Manual searches and a Google Scholar search, limiting the search to the first 100 hits, were also conducted. Two calibrated authors performed the study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment of included articles. The quality of the included articles was evaluated using the University of Adelaide Tool. RESULTS: The electronic searches retrieved 929 titles/abstracts. Following the removal of duplicated references, 613 titles/abstracts were assessed. Thirty-four articles were included. Meta-analysis demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentration in saliva was statistically increased in individuals with obesity compared with individuals without obesity (P < 0.05). By contrast, the meta-analysis showed no difference in the concentrations of resistin, adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, and interleukin 6 in saliva and of resistin, adiponectin, leptin, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, tumor necrosis factor α, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in GCF between individuals with and without obesity (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with obesity presented higher levels of TNF-α in saliva than individuals without obesity. TNF-α in saliva sampling may be a helpful marker for obesity. For the other adipokines, no difference was observed, but the limited availability and heterogeneity of data do not allow us to assertively state whether changes of adipokines in GCF and saliva are associated with obesity.

Erosive tooth wear-why clinicians should be aware of this condition

Introduction: Erosive tooth wear (ETW) is defined as a chemical-mechanical process leading to the cumulative loss of hard dental tissue without the involvement of bacteria. Objective: to give to clinicians an overview about most important ETW topics. Data source: main scientific data base (PubMed, Lilacs) in the last 10 years, with the keywords: dental erosion, diagnosis and prevention. Classical articles were selected for the realization of an integrative literature review. Data synthesis : the prevalence of ETW has been reported to range from 10% to 80% in children and 4% to 82% in adults. The management of ETW should include early diagnosis, the evaluation of different etiological factors, risk identification and the proposal of preventive measures to avoid the progression of the condition. These measures include fluoride exposure, use of low abrasive toothpastes, clinical monitoring, and in more severe cases sealant application and restorations. Patients suffering from eating disorders with purging behaviour and gastroesophageal reflux disease are considered the most important risk groups. Conclusion : Clinicians should be aware of this condition with growing prevalence, once substance loss is an irreversible condition, providing prompt preventive measures during the early stages that are essential to reduce ETW.

Introdução: O Desgaste Dentário Erosivo é definido como um processo químico- mecânico que leva a uma perda cumulativa de tecido dentário duro, sem que ocorra o envolvimento de bactérias. Objetivo : atualizar os cirurgiões-dentistas sobre os principais tópicos a respeito do Desgaste Dentário Erosivo. Fonte de dados: principais bases científicas (PubMed, Lilacs) nos últimos 10 anos, com as palavras-chave: erosão dentária, diagnóstico e prevenção. Foram selecionados os artigos clássicos sobre o tema para a realização da revisão integrativa de literatura. Síntese de dados : A prevalência de Desgaste Dentário Erosivo tem sido reportada na literatura em porcentagens que variam de 10% a 80% em crianças e de 4% a 82% em adultos. A abordagem clínica do Desgaste Dentário Erosivo deve incluir um diagnóstico precoce, a avaliação dos diferentes fatores etiológicos, a identificação do risco e a proposta de medidas preventivas para retardar a progressão dessa condição. Essas medidas incluem a aplicação de fluoretos, o uso de dentifrícios com baixa abrasividade, monitoramento clínico e, em casos mais graves, a aplicação de selantes e procedimentos restauradores. Pacientes diagnosticados com transtornos alimentares ou com refluxo gastroesofágico são considerados um dos grupos de risco mais importantes para o desenvolvimento dessa condição. Conclusão: Os clínicos devem estar atentos a essa condição de prevalência crescente, uma vez que a perda de estrutura dentária é irreversível, promovendo medidas preventivas eficazes, desde os estágios iniciais, contribuindo assim para o controle e redução do Desgaste Dentário Erosivo entre seus pacientes.

Severe obstructive sleep apnea treatment with mandibular advancement device: A case report.

Mandibular advancement device (MAD) has been described as an alternative treatment to the severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), once it is not as effective as the continuous positive airway pressure therapy (CPAP) in reducing the apnea and hypopnea index (AHI). The objective of this study is to report a case using a MAD in a CPAP-intolerant patient suffering from severe OSA. Polysomnography exams were performed before and after treatment. Five months after fitting and titrating the MAD, the AHI was reduced from 80.5 events/hour to 14.6 events/hour and the minimum oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) increased from 46% to 83%. A two-year assessment of therapy revealed an AHI of 8 events/hour and SpO2 of 85%.

Severe obstructive sleep apnea treatment with oral appliance: the impact on obstructive, central and mixed events.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of two types of oral appliance (OA) in the treatment of severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and their impact on the reduction of obstructive, central and mixed apneas. METHODS: Forty-eight patients suffering from severe OSAS with a history of non-adherence to positive airway pressure therapy were treated with OA (lingual orthosis and combined orthosis). Polysomnography exams were performed before and after treatment. Computed tomography and cephalometric radiography were requested for all patients to evaluate the titrated position of the OA and the airspace obtained. Statistical tests used the Minitab, version 17, program. The level of statistical significance was 5%. RESULTS: Before treatment, the mean AHI was 56.3 ± 19.1 events/h. It decreased to 8.1 ± 5.2 after the OA titration (p ≤ 0.001). There was a significant reduction in obstructive events from 43.0 ± 20.2 to 7.1 ± 4.6 events/h (p ≤ 0.001). The reduction in central events after OA treatment was also significant (from 5.1 ± 9.3 to 0.8 ± 1.9 events/h; p ≤ 0.001), whereas that in mixed events decreased from 6.4 ± 9.5 to 0.1 ± 0.3 events/h (p ≤ 0.001). The minimum oxygen saturation also showed significant improvement after treatment (p ≤ 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between both OA with respect to central events (p = 0.22) or mixed events (p = 0.98). CONCLUSION: The treatment was effective in reducing obstructive events which were evaluated through the AHI and minimum oxygen saturation. The oral appliances also normalized central and mixed events among patients with severe OSAS.

Assessment of a novel type of oral appliance for the treatment of severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a case series / Avaliação de um novo tipo de aparelho intraoral para o tratamento de casos graves de síndrome de apneia obstrutiva do sono: série de casos

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the respiratory parameters among patients diagnosed with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome treated with a novel design of an oral appliance (OA): a lingual orthosis. Methods: A case series study was conducted with 11 patients suffering from severe OSA, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) > 30 events/h. All patients underwent pre- and post-treatment overnight polysomnography and were diagnosed by a physician based on polysomnography indexes. All selected patients had a history of nonadherence to continuous positive airway pressure devices. Results: Before treatment, the mean AHI of the sample was 65.9 ± 30.5. After reaching the optimal OA titration, the polysomnography (PSG) showed an average AHI of 10.1 ± 5.5 (p<0.001). There was a significant reduction in obstructive events that decreased from 60.0 ± 31.7 to 8.5 ± 3.8 events/hour (p<0.001). The minimal oxyhemoglobin saturation showed significant improvement after the OA treatment, increasing from 74.3 ± 7.8 to 83.4 ± 4.9 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Lingual orthosis was effective in resolving severe OSAS, showing satisfactory results within the present sample. Further studies are needed in order to broaden the knowledge regarding the effectiveness of this oral appliance.

Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os parâmetros respiratórios de pacientes diagnosticados com síndrome de apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS) de gravidade severa, tratados com um novo tipo de aparelho intraoral (AIO): uma órtese lingual. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de série de casos com 11 pacientes que sofriam de SAOS grave, índice de apneia-hipopnéia (IAH) > 30 eventos/ h. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a polissonografia (PSG) de noite inteira pré e pós-tratamento e foram diagnosticados por um médico com base nos índices da PSG. Todos os pacientes selecionados apresentaram história de não adesão para dispositivos de pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas. Resultados: Antes do tratamento, o IAH médio da amostra foi de 65,9 ± 30,5. Depois de atingir a titulação ótima do AIO, a PSG mostrou um IAH médio de 10,1 ± 5,5 (p < 0,001). Houve uma redução significativa nos eventos obstrutivos que diminuíram de 60,0 ± 31,7 para 8,5 ± 3,8 eventos / hora (p < 0,001). A saturação mínima de oxihemoglobina mostrou melhora significativa após o tratamento, tendo sofrido um aumento de 74,3 ± 7,8 para 83,4 ± 4,9 (p < 0,05). Conclusão: A órtese lingual foi efetiva no tratamento da SAOS grave, mostrando resultados satisfatórios para a amostra atual. São necessários mais estudos para ampliar o conhecimento sobre a eficácia deste AIO.

Comportamento de risco para bulimia nervosa, hábitos alimentares e de higiene bucal como fatores associados ao desgaste dentário erosivo e cárie dentária em adolescentes / Bulimia nervosa risk behavior, dietary habits and oral hygiene practices as associated factors for erosive tooth wear and dental caries among adolescents

Os distúrbios alimentares possuem uma etiologia multifatorial, composta de predisposições socioculturais, genéticas e vulnerabilidades biológicas e psicológicas. Entre os fatores predisponentes, destacam-se os padrões de interação presentes no ambiente familiar e o contexto sociocultural, caracterizado pela extrema valorização do corpo. A presença de algumas condições bucais, como o desgaste dentário erosivo e a cárie dentária, pode estar relacionada à ocorrência de distúrbios alimentares, como a bulimia nervosa (BN). Pesquisas sobre fatores de risco favorecem a análise oportuna de possíveis sinais e sintomas e, consequentemente, o estabelecimento de condutas preventivas. Este trabalho objetivou comparar a ocorrência do desgaste dentário erosivo e da cárie dentária em adolescentes com e sem comportamento de risco para BN, e investigar a influência de hábitos alimentares e de higiene bucal na ocorrência de desgaste dentário erosivo e da cárie dentária. Aprovação ética e termos de consentimento foram obtidos. A amostra foi composta por 225 escolares do sexo feminino, na faixa etária de 15 a 18 anos, oriundas de escolas das redes pública e particular de ensino de Belo Horizonte, no sudeste do Brasil. O comportamento de risco para BN foi avaliado segundo as subescalas de sintomas e gravidade dos sintomas da versão brasileira do Teste de Investigação Bulímica de Edinburgh (BITE) sendo categorizado em: hábito alimentar normal, comportamento de risco clinicamente significante e grave comportamento de risco. Os hábitos alimentares e de higiene bucal foram avaliados através de questionários autoaplicáveis. O desgaste dentário erosivo e a cárie dentária foram avaliados através dos índices de O'Sullivan e ICDAS II, respectivamente, por uma examinadora previamente calibrada (Kappa intra-examinador: 0,90 e 0,81; Kappa inter-examinadores: 0,88 e 0,83, referentes à erosão e à cárie dentária). Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva e inferencial, através do software SPSS 18.0 (p<0,05). Através do modelo de regressão logística constatou-se que o grave comportamento de risco para a BN foi associado com o desgaste dentário erosivo (OR = 8,31; IC 95% = 3,91-16,91), e com adolescentes provenientes de escolas privadas (OR = 3,11 IC 95% = 1,44-6,45), mas não com a cárie dentária (OR = 1,13, IC 95% = 0,72-1,73). O comportamento de risco clinicamente significante para bulimia não foi associado às condições bucais avaliadas (p>0,05). Com relação aos hábitos alimentares, o desgaste dentário erosivo foi associado ao consumo diário de frutas cítricas (p<0,009) e refrigerantes com açúcar (p<0,046), enquanto a cárie dentária foi associada ao consumo diário de biscoitos recheados (p<0,049). O hábito de escovar os dentes imediatamente após as refeições foi estatisticamente associado à ocorrência de desgaste dentário erosivo no grupo com grave comportamento de risco para BN (p=0,047). O comportamento de risco para BN, caracterizado como clinicamente significante, não foi associado com implicações dentárias, mas o grave comportamento de risco para BN foi associado com a ocorrência de desgaste dentário erosivo. Hábitos alimentares e de higiene bucal foram associados à presença de desgaste dentário erosivo e cárie dentária

Eating disorders have a multifactorial etiology, composed of sociocultural and genetic predispositions as well as biological and psychological vulnerabilities. Among the predisposing factors, it is important to highlight the interaction patterns present in the family environment and the sociocultural context characterized by the overvaluation of the body and beauty standards. The presence of some dental implications such as erosive tooth wear and dental caries may be related to the occurrence of eating disorders such as bulimia nervosa (BN). Research on eating disorders' risk factors favors the timely analysis of possible signs and symptoms and, consequently, the establishment of preventive measures. This study aimed to compare the occurrence of erosive tooth wear and dental caries in adolescents with and without risk factor for BN, and investigate the influence of dietary habits and oral hygiene practices with the occurrence of erosive tooth wear and dental caries. Ethical approval and written consent forms were obtained. The sample consisted of female students, aged 15-18 years, from private and public schools in Belo Horizonte, southeastern Brazil. Risk behavior for BN was evaluated according to the subscales of symptoms and severity of the Brazilian version of the Bulimic Investigatory Test of Edinburgh (BITE) and classified in normal eaten behavior, clinically significant bulimic risk behavior and severe bulimic risk behavior. Eating habits and oral hygiene practices were assessed using validated self-report questionnaires. Erosive tooth wear and dental caries were evaluated by the O'Sullivan index and the ICDAS-II index, respectively, by a previously calibrated examiner (intraexaminer Kappa: 0.90 and 0.81, Kappa inter-examiner: 0.88 and 0.83, related to tooth erosion and dental caries). The data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially, using SPSS 18.0 software (p <0.05). Through the logistic regression model it was found that the severe risk behavior for BN was associated with erosive tooth wear (OR = 8.31; 95% CI = 3.91-16.91), and adolescents from private schools (OR = 3.11 95% CI = 1.44- 6.45), but not with dental caries (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.72-1.73). The clinically significant risk behavior for BN was not associated with the assessed oral conditions (p> 0.05). With regard to eating habits, erosive tooth wear was associated with daily consumption of citric fruits (p<0.009), and soft drinks with sugar (p<0.046), while dental caries was associated with the daily consumption of cream biscuits (p<0.049). The habit of brushing the teeth shortly after eating was statistically associated with the occurrence of erosive tooth wear in the group with severe risk behavior for BN (p = 0.047). The risk behavior for BN, classified as clinically significant, was not associated with dental implications, but the severe risk behavior for BN was associated with the occurrence of erosive tooth wear. Dietary and oral hygiene habits were associated with the presence of erosive tooth wear and dental caries.

Breastfeeding, bottle feeding practices and malocclusion in the primary dentition: a systematic review of cohort studies.

The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breast feeding for at least six months. However, there is no scientific evidence of the benefits of breast feeding for oral health in children under primary dentition. This study aimed to search for scientific evidence regarding the following question: is bottle feeding associated with malocclusion in the primary dentition compared to children that are breastfed? An electronic search was performed in seven databases. The systematic review included 10 cohort studies. It was not possible to conduct meta-analysis; therefore a qualitative analysis was assessed. The majority of studies evaluated feeding habits by means of questionnaires and conducted a single examination. Three studies observed that bottle feeding was significantly associated with overjet and posterior crossbite. Studies reported several cut-off times for breastfeeding (varying from 1 month up to 3 years of age) and several types of malocclusion. Controlling for non-nutritive sucking habits was reported for only half of the studies and this may have led to biased results. The scientific evidence could not confirm a specific type of malocclusion associated with the feeding habits or an adequate time of breastfeeding to benefit the children against malocclusion. Further cohort studies are needed to confirm this evidence.

Anxiety and worry when coping with cancer treatment: agreement between patient and proxy responses.

PURPOSE: Assess agreement between proxy respondents (caregivers) and children/adolescents related to the impact of cancer on children's/adolescents' health-related quality of life, with respect to anxiety and worry issues. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 83 Brazilian children/adolescents, of both genders, diagnosed with cancer, aged 5-18 years and their proxy respondents. Anxiety and worry were assessed through items of the instrument Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ Cancer Module Scale. Participants were recruited from the pediatric hematology/oncology centers at two public hospitals. All individuals were receiving medical care. Descriptive statistics were performed as well as a weighted kappa coefficient, Spearman's correlation coefficient, Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Bland-Altman plots. The magnitude of the difference between the mean scores obtained from children/adolescents and that of their proxy respondents was evaluated through effect size. RESULTS: The proxy respondents underestimated the feelings of worry among children (8-12 years) (p < 0.001; effect size 0.71) and overestimated adolescents' (13-18 years) treatment anxiety (p < 0.05; effect size 0.57). The comparison between the three age groups (5-7, 8-12, 13-18 years) showed a tendency for children/adolescents to report increasing feelings of worry as they got older. In the 'treatment anxiety' subscale, there was a tendency for proxy respondents to present higher mean scores, revealing that proxy respondents believed the children's/adolescents' treatment anxiety decreased as they aged. CONCLUSIONS: Discrepancies between the reports of children/adolescents and their proxy respondents were observed. Children's/adolescents' reports should not be ignored nor replaced by proxy reports; both reports should be analyzed together.

Tooth erosion and eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Eating disorders are associated with the highest rates of morbidity and mortality of any mental disorders among adolescents. The failure to recognize their early signs can compromise a patient's recovery and long-term prognosis. Tooth erosion has been reported as an oral manifestation that might help in the early detection of eating disorders. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to search for scientific evidence regarding the following clinical question: Do eating disorders increase the risk of tooth erosion? METHODS: An electronic search addressing eating disorders and tooth erosion was conducted in eight databases. Two independent reviewers selected studies, abstracted information and assessed its quality. Data were abstracted for meta-analysis comparing tooth erosion in control patients (without eating disorders) vs. patients with eating disorders; and patients with eating disorder risk behavior vs. patients without such risk behavior. Combined odds ratios (ORs) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) were obtained. RESULTS: Twenty-three papers were included in the qualitative synthesis and assessed by a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Fourteen papers were included in the meta-analysis. Patients with eating disorders had more risk of tooth erosion (OR = 12.4, 95%CI = 4.1-37.5). Patients with eating disorders who self-induced vomiting had more risk of tooth erosion than those patients who did not self-induce vomiting (OR = 19.6, 95%CI = 5.6-68.8). Patients with risk behavior of eating disorder had more risk of tooth erosion than patients without such risk behavior (Summary OR = 11.6, 95%CI = 3.2-41.7). CONCLUSION: The scientific evidence suggests a causal relationship between tooth erosion and eating disorders and purging practices. Nevertheless, there is a lack of scientific evidence to fulfill the basic criteria of causation between the risk behavior for eating disorders and tooth erosion.